Titlebook: Regulation of Cancer Immune Checkpoints; Molecular and Cellul Jie Xu Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclu

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Introduction,ave gained insights into the molecular control of immune checkpoint receptors and ligands, which extended our knowledge on the immune system and provided alternative strategies for developing checkpoint inhibitors.

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Regulations on Messenger RNA: Wires and Nodes,n this chapter, we reviewed the RNA processing mechanisms directly regulating immune checkpoint genes. We also cover RNA-based therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring immunity by targeting immune checkpoint genes.

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Genetic Alterations and Checkpoint Expression: Mechanisms and Models for Drug Discovery,ve marked a great achievement in the history of antitumor therapy. Nevertheless, this is not the end of the story. As the relationship between genomic alteration and checkpoint expression is being delineated though the advances of preclinical animal models and emerging technologies, novel checkpoint targets are on the way to be discovered.

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Rational Discovery of Response Biomarkers: Candidate Prognostic Factors and Biomarkers for Checkpoi of all the possible candidate biomarkers are still challenging to predict the treatment outcomes. In this chapter, we will summarize and introduce the prognostic factors and biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy.

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Lysosome as the Black Hole for Checkpoint Molecules,mmune checkpoint proteins. Once activated, the compounds contained in secretory lysosomes are released to the surface of cell membrane rapidly. Inhibitions of lysosomes can overcome the chemoresistance of some tumors and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.

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Book 2020largely unexplored research topic. The past decade has seen major advances in cancer immune checkpoint therapy, which has demonstrated impressive clinical benefits. The family of checkpoints for mediating cancer immune evasion now includes CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, CD27/CD70, FGL-1/LAG-3, Siglec-15, VISTA