Titlebook: Orexin and Sleep; Molecular, Functiona Takeshi Sakurai,S.R. Pandi-Perumal,Jaime M. Monti Book 2015 Springer International Publishing Switze

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The Hypocretin Story,ypothesis ended up converging with a reverse pharmacology approach followed by Yanagisawa and colleagues, which is described in detail in other chapters. With the hypocretin story in the background, I also describe here the first implementation of optogenetic methods in a freely moving animal, which has led to a revolution in systems neuroscience.

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Orexin Receptor Functions in the Ascending Arousal System,cholinergic targets play key roles in this disorder. In this review, we discuss the cellular actions of orexin at these targets and the roles played by each receptor based on results from constitutive receptor knockout mice. We then consider the implications of these actions for understanding the role played by orexin in arousal and narcolepsy.

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Optogenetic Dissection of Sleep-Wake Circuits in the Brain, shown to promote REM sleep. The projections from the lateral hypothalamus are diverse, as are it’s functions in other behaviours such as energy homeostasis and feeding. Future work is now needed to determine which part of this circuitry is required for regulation of the sleep-wake state and ultimately how consciousness is controlled.

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Hypocretin/Orexin Pathology in Human Narcolepsy with and Without Cataplexy, of Hcrt cells compared to normal, with maximal cell loss in the posterior hypothalamus. A better understanding of the pattern of damage to Hcrt containing somas and axons and of the gliosis occurring in narcolepsy should clarify the nature of the pathological process responsible for this disorder.

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