Titlebook: Comprehensive Clinical Approach to Diabetes During Pregnancy; Dimitrios G. Goulis Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s

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Megan Summers,Karen Helm,Susan M. Majkahe mother and the fetus, as insulin does not cross the placenta. However, oral anti-hyperglycemic agents, including metformin and sulfonylureas, have been tried and are used in women with GDM in everyday practice worldwide, though the official Food and Drug Administration (FDA) license is still miss

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Epidemiologyestimated that over 20 million live births (around 1 in 6 pregnancies) were affected, and most of these cases were reported in low- and middle-income countries. Women with any form of hyperglycemia in pregnancy are at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, a fact that highlights the need for app

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Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitusnt are key to prevention of these complications. Most international guidelines have adopted the IADPSG 2010/WHO 2013 diagnostic criteria, for the diagnosis of GDM by recommending the following glycemic thresholds for a 75 g OGTT: fasting plasma glucose value ≥5.1 mmol/l (92 mg/dl); 1-h value ≥10.0 m

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Risk Factors for Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellituse main risk factors for the development of GDM are increased maternal age, genetic factors, particular race/ethnicity, family history of diabetes, previous history of GDM, male fetus, multiple pregnancy, multiparous pregnancy, increased maternal body weight, maternal smoking, reduced physical activi

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Pathophysiologymajority being women who develop gestational diabetes (GDM). This affects especially women with predisposing factors such as polycystic ovary syndrome or a family history of type 2 diabetes. The diagnosis of GDM has consequences for the newborn (e.g., macrosomia and its sequelae), the young child (e