Titlebook: Alternatives for Dermal Toxicity Testing; Chantra Eskes,Erwin van Vliet,Howard I. Maibach Book 2017 Springer International Publishing AG 2

Sciatica

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9707-4emicals. Testing for skin corrosion in vivo causes suffering and pain to the test animals. A number of alternative approaches for the assessment of skin corrosion have been developed in the past three decades and some of the assays gained regulatory acceptance as replacements of the rabbit skin corr

手術(shù)刀

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-33311-2-corrosive chemicals as well for identifying UN GHS subcategories 1A and 1B and 1C within the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline 431 (OECD TG 431). The within- and between-laboratory concordance of classifications between runs was found to be ≥92.5% for

長矛

媒介

Cumbersome

Ballad

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93163-0spite these advances, more efforts are still needed to refine the existing methods and to further develop new methods that lead to an improved awareness of the real mechanisms of a chemical in triggering a sensitization reaction in exposed human beings. An important observation is that detailed anal

Fretful

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50879-0 by the challenges of regulatory acceptance, and so provided lessons for the entire process. What ensued has been instructive for test developers and those involved in validation and acceptance: widespread use of the LLNA led to questions and challenges not anticipated in the development and validat

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打包

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-09669-6ositex assigns chemicals both to UN packing groups I, II, III and Non-corrosive, and to GHS corrosive subcategories 1A, 1B, 1C (accepting “not Catergory 1” results also). The degree of corrosivity potential of a chemical is predicted by measuring its penetration time through calibrated biobarriers into a chemical detection system.

船員

Chantra Eskes,Erwin van Vliet,Howard I. MaibachProvides in-depth information on the alternatives to animal testing.Identifies the most suitable test method(s) for specific uses and endpoints.Describes the regulatory acceptance, protocols, performa