Titlebook: Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil; Affirmative Action i Ollie A. Johnson,Rosana Heringer Book 2015 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and

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Introduction,ducation, and other financial opportunities and advantages (Klein and Luna 2010; Seyferth 1991; Andrews 1991). This experience perpetuated the unequal racial legacy of slavery. Most blacks were forced to live in poverty and difficult circumstances.

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Affirmative Action and the Expansion of Higher Education in Brazil,digenous students in all federal universities. Academic researchers and anti-racist activists generally agreed that these changes happened in a short time span, considering the extensive previous history of the denial of racism and racial inequalities in Brazil.

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Afro-Brazilian Support for Affirmative Action,quired to implement 50 percent quotas for public high school students and sub-quotas for Afro-Brazilians (browns and blacks) and indigenous people in each state. Despite this reality, affirmative action policy is still controversial. Not all citizens support it. In fact, not even all Afro-Brazilians are in agreement.

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ew policies in historical, political, and legal context; evaluates their outcomes for students and universities; and demonstrates that the policies have been successful in addressing racial inequality.978-1-137-48515-1

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Affirmative Action in Brazil: Achievements and Challenges,feration of private institutions. As a result of such policies, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003– 2010), of the .—PT (Workers’ Party), inherited a crippled higher education system in dire need of investment.