Titlebook: Nonequilibrium Cooperative Phenomena in Physics and Related Fields; Manuel G. Velarde Book 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1

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Synergeticsn application of our mathematical methods. The word SYNERGETICS is composed of two greek words and means COOPERATION. What we study in this field is the cooperation of individual parts of a system so that a self-organized formation of spatial, temporal, or functional structures on macroscopic scales

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Laser with Intracavity Absorber: Q-Switching, Multistable Nonlinear Oscillations and Chaos N is the number of two-level excitable (active)atoms. E is the electric field amplitude. V is the polarization of the atoms. D is the perturbed atomic inversion (population inversion) . g is the field-matter (active or passive) coupling constant, κ is the damping constant of the field in the cavity

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Non-Linear Operation of CO2 Lasers with Intracavity Saturable Absorbers non-linear features, also from the point of view of specific applications. In a simple system the non-linearities are in the response of the amplifying medium. In a laser with an intracavity saturable absorber, where the non-linear response of the absorber is present, new phenomena occur. The behav

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Structurally Stable Bifurcations in Optical Bistability the question arises: are these solutions and their types of bifurcations persistent when moving away from the limits? An answer to this question of structural stability is given by imperfect bifurcation theory (developed by Golubitsky & Schaeffer).. The aim of imperfect bifurcation theory is the cl

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Thermohydrodynamic Instability in Nematic Liquid Crystals: A Summary of Arguments and Conditions forat the anisotropic tensor properties of the fluid, taken Newtonian in flow characteristics generates genuine and novel qualitative and quantitative features when flow is induced by thermal constraints or buoyancy forces. For instance, in a Rayleigh-Bénard geometry steady convection exists when the f