Titlebook: Introduction to Biliary Atresia; Masaki Nio Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer

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Historical Overview of Biliary Atresia,rly 1980s, liver transplantation has been widely adopted worldwide as a practical, surgical modality for biliary atresia. In Japan, liver transplantation from living donors progressed remarkably in the 1990s, whereas the system of deceased-donor transplantation was not readily adopted. Even today, d

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Genetics and Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis of Biliary Atresia,lestasis cases are caused by BA. Despite intensive research, the precise pathogenesis of BA remains elusive. Abnormal biliary development has been cited as a potential trigger of BA along with viral infection, immune disorder, and toxins..As supported by several studies, genetic susceptibility facto

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Pathogenesis of Maternal Microchimerism,elusive, unique epidemiological and clinical observations and alloreactive responses between the mother and patient are consistent with the recent concept that BA begins before birth, possibly before the second trimester. The target tissues of the maternal effector lymphocytes in a fetus may be not

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Epidemiology: Incidence, Gender Ratio, and Ethnic Variations,tasis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventual liver failure [1]. BA is also the most devastating liver disease developing in neonates and early infancy, and the incidence has been generally reported as between one in 8000–15,000 live births.

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Epidemiology: Seasonality, Family History, and Heredity,e summarized into two sections of seasonal and regional clustering and family history. Seasonal clustering was mainly found in some studies from the USA, Japan, and French Polynesia using institutional or regional databases, while reports favoring seasonal clustering have not been published from the