Titlebook: Introduction to Biliary Atresia; Masaki Nio Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer

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History and Current Status of The Japanese Biliary Atresia Society,le in achieving scientific and clinical progress in the treatment of biliary atresia. In this chapter, the history, achievements, award systems, and social contributions of JBAS are presented. JBAS’s roles in the Japanese Nationwide Study Group and the International Sendai Symposium on Biliary Atresia (ISSBA) are also addressed.

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Epidemiology: Incidence, Gender Ratio, and Ethnic Variations,tasis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventual liver failure [1]. BA is also the most devastating liver disease developing in neonates and early infancy, and the incidence has been generally reported as between one in 8000–15,000 live births.

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Pathology of Biliary Atresia,ompare them with the liver histological features in other two major diseases, namely Alagille syndrome (AGS) [5–7] and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) [8, 9] that we need to distinguish from BA. Next, we will review the association between pathological changes of BA and the prognosis.

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Pathogenesis: Viral Infection,been detected in the liver and biliary remnants in human BA samples, the virus’ presence may not be necessary for the subsequent development of acquired immune-mediated bile duct injury. Lastly, recent BA studies have demonstrated a shift from innate to acquired immunity during the immune response to viral infections.

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Screening and Stool Color Card System of Biliary Atresia,d a stool color card screening is now expanding worldwide. While a stool color card screening has certainly contributed to earlier overall KP date, it has not led to an increase in early KP. No outstanding screening method has yet been discovered, and further studies are needed to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of BA screening.