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Maintaining Hierarchy,nt states also deter unfriendly groups from competing for office through the threat of coercion, which acts as a substitute for aid. I show that the potential for coercion exerts a strong negative effect on the level of foreign aid provided by the United States. This effect is also moderated by the

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Conclusion: Hierarchy and Political Violence in the International System,etition. The weight of the book’s argument suggests that the development of informal hierarchy worked to contain hierarchical competition within subordinate states, in turn reducing the chances of interstate conflict. I evaluate this claim at a systemic level, showing that hierarchical competition l

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Nephrology in the United States of Americarent from domestic and interstate politics. I also illustrate why a study of hierarchy is important. First, a study of hierarchy provides a way to understand “great power” politics while still incorporating the influence of smaller states. Second, because hierarchy mutually constitutes domestic and

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Nephrology and Geriatrics Integratedby hierarchy. I demonstrate that this distinction is attributable to an analogy between the international system and the “state of nature” described by Thomas Hobbes. I then provide a second potential analogy for international relations, rooted in kinship structures that were prevalent in pre-modern

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Philip R. Steinmetz,Russell F. Hustedexibly defined, and dominant states were able to cheaply construct direct control over subordinate states. In the following centuries, imperial territory was progressively institutionalized, raising the costs of formal hierarchy. The second world war was a breaking point; in the early postwar period

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A. B. St. J. Dawnay,W. R. Cattellostwar world. I show that by promising friendly leaders resources should they come to office, the USA has been able to in effect “purchase” regime change. Critically, I show that this ability requires relatively autocratic institutions within recipient states: if friendly leaders anticipate not bein