Titlebook: Environmental External Costs of Transport; Rainer Friedrich,Peter Bickel Book 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Atmospheric prot

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,Allgemeines über das Spannungsgesetz,Since the uncertainties are large, an analysis of the uncertainties is crucial for the credibility of the results. To begin, one needs to identify and quantify the individual sources of uncertainty. It is appropriate to group them into different categories, even though there may be some overlap:

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Alopecia-Areata

Impacts on Terrestrial Ecosystems,The impacts of transport on terrestrial ecosystems can be broadly divided into three different categories:

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多節(jié)

Quantification of Total and Average Externalities (Aggregation),The previous chapters described the approach for calculating the marginal external costs of transport (the costs caused by an additional vehicle). This chapter describes the issues and methodology associated with aggregating this externality data to levels required by policy instruments and for the analysis of energy balances.

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Aggregated Costs,This chapter presents the results of the aggregation studies within the project. The aggregation task was only undertaken by a small number of teams, with the aim of developing and demonstrating the approach.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-04957-9le approaches for emission calculation is an often criticised matter. Therefore it was attempted to avoid the use of national emission factor methodologies as far as possible, and to present a list of reference technologies for road transport, were the same basis was used.

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