Titlebook: Electrifying Atmospheres: Charging, Ionisation and Lightning in the Solar System and Beyond; Karen L. Aplin Book 2013 Springer Science+Bus

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Jupiter and Saturn,Vigorous lightning has been observed on both Jupiter and Saturn but these gas giant planets are not expected to have global circuits, as the deep lower atmosphere is too dense for cosmic ray ionisation. Where cosmic ray ionisation occurs, charged aerosol particles are generated, making the air weakly conductive.

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Titan,In situ measurements of Titan’s atmosphere by the Huygens probe in 2005 unveiled a fascinating world, which may not have lightning, but is a strong contender for a global electric circuit driven by electrically charged methane or ethane rain. Electrical processes also appear responsible for generating the yellow–brown haze that shrouds the planet.

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Uranus and Neptune,Uranus and Neptune are both thought to have lightning and active chemistry triggered by cosmic ray ionisation. Neptune is expected to have direct condensation of supersaturated vapour onto ions, just like a “Wilson” cloud chamber. There is some evidence that Neptune’s albedo is linked to the flux of galactic cosmic rays entering its atmosphere.

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Exoplanetary Atmospheric Electricity,Exoplanetary atmospheres will be slightly ionised, and some are expected to harbour lightning, just like the planets in our Solar System. The challenges for discovery of exoplanetary lightning are briefly discussed. Exoplanets are so diverse that novel roles for atmospheric electricity are expected, with a recent example given.

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978-94-007-6632-7Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

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Electrifying Atmospheres: Charging, Ionisation and Lightning in the Solar System and Beyond978-94-007-6633-4Series ISSN 2191-9100 Series E-ISSN 2191-9119

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Masaharu Kassai,Taisuke Shiraishi,Toru Noda audience.Includes supplementary material: .This book discusses the geological history of Britain from the early geological formation of the British Isles, through to the variety of currently visible rock formations and ensuing natural landscapes. It is presented as an accessible narrative which may