Titlebook: Constitutional Politics in Central and Eastern Europe; From Post-Socialist Anna Fruhstorfer,Michael Hein Book 2016 Springer Fachmedien Wie

cataract

Bulgaria,e not able to reach sufficient majorities in parliament. A constitutional conflict between the state branches regarding the issue of legally admissible amendments had a decisive influence on the path of reform. The vast majority of the amendments dealt with the reform of the judiciary and the structure and competencies of the parliament.

callous

Romania,e decade later was mirrored in an elite consensus regarding a constitutional reform under the external pressure of EU accession. The phase of democratic consolidation since then has been characterized by political conflict, sometimes moving outside the democratic realm (e.g. in 2012), and failing constitutional reform attempts.

exquisite

Slovenia,A limited number of successful amendments, a strong orientation towards EU integration and its values, and a close supervision by non-party experts are the main attributes of the constitutional development from 1991 until 2014. The obligations stemming from the accession to and the membership in the EU dominated the contents of the amendments.

隨意

Croatia,ain of the political leadership, which was willing to compromise on most of the issues for which changes were suggested. The most recent efforts to reform the constitution did, however, originate from a popular initiative and could potentially be a sign of the realm of constitutional politics opening up to a broader sphere of actors.

ELUC

Bosnia and Herzegovina,nstitution discriminates citizens who do not claim to belong to any of these constituent peoples. Furthermore, the European Union established constitutional reform as a precondition for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s further EU integration. However, the political representatives of the constituent peoples have resisted any calls for change so far.

Negligible

Montenegro,tional politics in Montenegro in the years until independence is characterized by a strong dependence on and dominance of Serbia and defects in its democratic development. Through the process of independence the external influences of the Venice Commission and the EU became, and still are, the driving force behind constitutional development.

innovation

Macedonia,rk Agreement, which solved the armed conflict in the North-West of the country in 2001. Although the majority of all amendments between 1991 and 2014 dealt with civil rights and executive-legislative relations, Macedonia has still not succeeded in establishing a stable constitutional democracy.

obscurity

chuckle

craven