Titlebook: Brazil-Africa Relations in the 21st Century; From Surge to Downtu Mathias Alencastro,Pedro Seabra Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) a

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,The Longue Durée of Brazil-Africa Relations (,. 1450–1960),zilians on both shores of the Atlantic in the following decades. This chapter offers an overview of Brazil-Africa relations from their beginnings to 1960, when the Independent Foreign Policy of Janio Quadros and African decolonization started to bring significant changes to the connection between both countries.

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From Opportunity Seeking to Gap Filling: Reframing Brazil in Lusophone Africa,d the adhesion of Equatorial Guinea to the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) in 2014. The chapter offers a reinterpretation of Brazil’s net gains in Africa and argues for its fragility and susceptibility to changing political-economic cycles.

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,Brazilian Trade with Sub-Saharan Africa (2000–2018),few countries (mainly Angola, Nigeria and South Africa) and in a few products (mainly sugar and meat). There is some evidence that trade promotion could explain part of higher Brazilian exports, but politics of trade do not seem to be the answer for a deeper trade integration between Brazil and Sub-Saharan Africa.

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In and Out and Out Again: The Travails of Brazil as a Security Provider in Africa,ub-area, namely, the inroads carried out at the defence industry level, in order to showcase the promises and contradictions often associated to what the country has offered across the Atlantic. We conclude by presenting some opportunities for a new pickup of Brazilian interest in the middle and long run.

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tury.Presents empirically based and updated analysis of the .This is one of the first books to analyse the full cycle of rise and fall of Brazil‘s foreign policy towards Africa in the beginning of the?21.st.?century. During his government, former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) made