Titlebook: Vitreoretinal Surgery; Thomas H. Williamson Textbook 2021Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive l

惡意

Macular Pucker and Vitreomacular Traction,tients [4]. The incidence of ERMs of any sort in the macula is described as 29% over the age of 45?years and increased in the Chinese population [5, 6]. ERM can appear in proliferative vitreoretinopathy from RRD in which case the cell of origin is likely to be the RPE cell.

字的誤用

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incision

其他

Posterior Vitreous Detachment,atures apparent in childhood gradually disappear as degeneration causes syneresis, lacuna (cavity) formation and collapse of the vitreous gel. The collagen fibrils disintegrate and aggregate giving rise to symptomatic floaters [1, 2]. There is a loss of sodium hyaluronate [3] and an increase in vitreous mobility with age [4].

前兆

Diabetic Retinopathy 2,solidated by collagen synthesis. The tangential traction results initially in folding of the inner retinal layers (internal limiting membrane and nerve fibre layer) and can then progress to traction retinal detachment.

單調(diào)性

Other Vascular Disorders, retinal detachment from the pathological separation of the vitreous. The most common is severe diabetic retinopathy but also retinal vein occlusion, sickle cell retinopathy and retinal vasculitis (Fig. 16.1).

Senescent

飛來飛去真休

CHURL

Different Presentations of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments,The commonest RRD is caused by an age-related PVD this can be treated using the principles defined in the previous chapter. The clinical characteristics (PVD, U-shaped breaks, usually acute onset retinal detachment) have been used as the basis for the cases described in the previous chapter and are summarised here:

Bumble

Macular Hole,The macula is a common site of symptomatic retinal pathology requiring vitreoretinal intervention. Posterior vitreous detachment is implicated in the production of most common macular disorders (Figs. 11.1 and 11.2).