Titlebook: Visual Development; Nigel W. Daw Book 2014Latest edition Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

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Development of Receptive Field Propertiesrallel with the large increase in the number of synapses during this period, and there is a further refinement of visual properties over the next 3 months or so. These ages apply to the cat and are different in the primate, but the same general sequence of events occurs in both. The elements of a sy

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Modifications to the Visual Input That Lead to Nervous System Changeson the retina (cataract), poor focus of the image on one retina compared with the image on the other (anisometropia), poor focus along one axis (astigmatism), and excessive growth of the eyeball (myopia). On the motor side, there are a number of causes of misalignment of the two eyes and mismatch of

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What Is Amblyopia?oportion to each other. In strabismus, Snellen and vernier acuity are degraded more than grating acuity. The main problem in both cases is loss of binocular function, producing loss of stereoscopic vision. A number of other properties are also affected. There is uncertainty about the location of an

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Critical Periodserties can also be disrupted, with critical periods that may be slightly different. For example, orientation and direction selectivity need to be in coordination before stereopsis develops so that the binocular cells will have similar inputs from the two eyes. Properties dealt with at higher levels

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Concepts of Plasticitye strength of the synapses between the presynaptic terminals and the postsynaptic cell. Active synapses are strengthened, and inactive ones are weakened. A combination of inputs may be required to drive the reactions in the postsynaptic cell, so that inputs that arrive together will strengthen each

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Visually Induced Myopia and Emmetropizationeasing over time. The eyeball can grow, but cannot get smaller after it has grown, so the problem has to be tackled early. The signal for emmetropization is generated within the retina, by cells that can detect whether the image is in focus. Which cells do this has not been pinned down. Signals from

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