Titlebook: Victims of Stalin and Hitler; The Exodus of Poles Thomas Lane Book 2004 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 200

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Penal Camps and Settlements,o maintain that deficiencies in practice were the result of faulty application of the principle. The principle, after all, was a noble one, nothing less than the re-education of the offender. Whereas the Nazis’ objective was either to eliminate the racially unfit from society by the most efficient m

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Release,rs and deportees were, it is true, freed from camps and settlements, but many thousands were not. Of those released, some were never able to reach the military camps allocated to the Polish army in the Soviet Union, and many thousands died en route or after arrival. In total, only slightly more than

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Soldiers and Refugees,ibly transplanted to the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1941. On their release, the soldiers had two main aims. The first was to fight alongside the Allies to defeat Nazi Germany. The second was never, in any circumstances, to live in the Soviet Union or a country controlled by it. Their experiences

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,‘Midway to Nowhere’,Moscow as the Soviet Union crumbled in 1991, it was widely remarked in these states that the Second World War had finally ended for the eastern part of Europe. To be sure, some of the adverse consequences of the war were to persist for a long time in the West, but the Western Allies’ major objective

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Communities, civilian camps where it was impossible to create a satisfactory family life or to resume their interrupted careers, and where everything seemed temporary, uncertain or problematic, they yearned for stability, privacy, the opportunity to earn a satisfactory living, property ownership and the uniting

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Identities,questions about the character of the Polish and Baltic exile communities in Great Britain. For decades after the Second World War the first generation of these refugees saw themselves as a ‘fighting emigration’ of political exiles with a cause to uphold, namely the maintenance of their languages, cu

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Book 2004al records and the words of survivors and their children, the author explores the reasons for their savage uprooting at the hands of Stalin and Hitler, their subsequent odysseys, and the reasons for their resettlement in Britain. This is a study of totalitarianism, political asylum, and the relation