Titlebook: Vesiculation and Crystallization of Magma; Fundamentals of the Atsushi Toramaru Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s),

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Inspired by Naturerupt). Together with these, the tectonic setting where a volcano locates and the chemical compositions of magmas characterize the eruption. The complexity resulting from these diversities make it difficult to share our recognitions and interests on volcanic eruptions. Before learning the fundamental

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Mechanism of Bubble Formationted liquid? How do these bubbles grow to bubbles that we can see? To answer these questions and understand bubble formation, it is absolutely necessary for us to consider the meaning of the size and number of bubbles present in highly vesiculated volcanic rocks such as pumice and scoria, described i

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Temporal Development of Vesiculationature, pressure, and concentration of volatiles are obtained. However, to understand the entire image of the vesiculation process and vesicular texture observed in eruptive materials, such instantaneous nucleation rate and growth rate are insufficient. For this purpose, we should understand the hist

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Other Bubble-Related Processesned. Bubbles in magma experience both simple elemental processes of nucleation and growth in supersaturated liquid and various processes before reaching the surface of the Earth. Among various processes bubbles experience, this chapter explains secondary growth, deformation, coalescence, detachment,

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Cooling Crystallization of?Magmang tools for observing unknown information from crystallization texture similar to the vesiculation processes (equilibrium conditions Chap.?., nucleation process Chap.?., growth process Chap.?., temporal development of vesiculation Chap.?., and complex processes related to vesiculation Chap.?.) deal

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Crystallization Induced by Vesiculation in the melting point of silicates. Therefore, for natural volcanic eruptions, when magma (which is saturated with water at depths) at a constant temperature spouts to the surface along with vesiculation, it becomes a supercooled state in most cases. In this chapter, we will summarize a point of sim

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