Titlebook: Valvular Heart Disease in Clinical Practice; Michael Y. Henein (Consultant Cardiologist) Book 2009 Springer-Verlag London 2009 Stress.anat

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The Mitral Valve Disease,th rheumatic pathology is the mitral valve, but this is not exclusive since aortic and tricuspid valves can also be involved [1]. The apparent contemporary increase in the diagnosis of valve disease results from the global increase in age of the population as well as the easy availability and routine use of echocardiography in cardiology clinics

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Pulmonary Valve Disease, in direct continuity with the tricuspid valve. It is thickest along the closing edge. The delicate pocket-like leaflets are formed primarily of collagen and they therefore, open and close passively, with little elastic recoil. In the middle of the free edge of each leaflet is a fibrous mound, the nodule of Arrantius.

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Aortic Valve Disease, no true aortic fibrous annulus but a complex root made up of the aortic wall sinuses, left ventricular myocardium and interleaflet fibrous triangles. The ostia of the coronary arteries are located within the aortic sinuses. The sino-tubular junction is an important anatomic landmark for surgical pr

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Pulmonary Valve Disease,e similar but usually not equal in size. The right and left coronary sinuses of the aorta always face the pulmonary valve. The leaflets are thinner and more delicate than the aortic leaflets. Unlike the aortic valve, the pulmonary valve sits on a complete muscular ring of the infundibulum and is not

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Stress Echo in Valvular Heart Disease, Doppler echocardiography is the method of choice for assessing severity of valvular disease, the role of stress echocardiography has recently expanded to include assessment of hemodynamic consequences of valvular lesions during stress [3–5]. In a number of clinical conditions, particularly in patie

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