Titlebook: Urological Cancer Management; Said Abdallah Al-Mamari,Salim Said Al-Busaidy Book 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 C

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confederacy

Infinitesimal

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Vulnerary

TreatmentThe treatment mainly depends on whether the tumour is muscle-invasive or not.

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characteristic

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathology and Tumour StagingIn comparison with bladder urothelial cancers, upper tract urothelial tumours present at an older age, the mean being around 65 years. Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare malignancy with an annual incidence of only 1–4 cases per 100,000 population, constituting 5–10 % of all urothelial carcinomas [1–3].

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Diagnosis of UTUC. which may be either gross or microscopic. This may be associated with a dull flank pain or an acute clot colic. A minority of patients may be diagnosed as an incidental finding on radiological imaging. Advanced disease may manifest with symptoms from metastasis.

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Epidemiology and AetiologyKidney cancer is the 13th most common cancer worldwide with approximately 338,000 new cases, including 214,000 men and 124,000 women, and an associated specific mortality of 143,000 in 2012 [1]. Incidence is generally high in Europe and North America and low in Asia and South America [2].