Titlebook: Unusual DNA Structures; Proceedings of the F Robert D. Wells,Stephen C. Harvey Conference proceedings 1988 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. 1

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,Cruciform Extrusion in Supercoiled DNA — Mechanisms and Contextual Influence, 1979; Lilley, 1980; Panayotatos & Wells, 1981], twenty five years after their first theoretical description [Platt, 1955; Gierer, 1966]. The crucial role of supercoiling was overlooked in earlier studies. Cruciform formation has subsequently been demonstrated for many inverted repeat sequences in a variety of supercoiled plasmids and phage.

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Development of a Model for DNA Supercoiling,her structures. The topological issues surrounding DNA supercoiling have been extensively studied (Benham, 1985; 1986; White and Bauer, 1986), and they have been applied to the explanation of a number of events in recombination (Wasserman et al, 1985; Cozzarelli et al, 1985; Geliert and Nash, 1987).

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NMR-Distance Geometry Studies of Helical Errors and Sequence Dependent Conformations of DNA in Solum in DNA with the observed conformational variability dependent on sequence, ionic strength and humidity (reviewed in Arnott, et.al., 1983b). These results stimulated the introduction of methods that could probe DNA conformation at higher resolution.

Gudgeon

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,The Specificity of “Single Strand Specific Endonucleases”: Probes of phosphodiester conformation in, have been widely regarded as being specific for single stranded nucleic acids. These enzymes have recently been shown to recognize a variety of non-B structures in double stranded DNA (2–14). The basis for the selectivity of these enzymes is discussed with reference to their cleavage of cruciform

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Torsional Stress, Unusual DNA Structures, and Eukaryotic Gene Expression, promoters show a differential response to the level of . supercoiling in . (Smith et al., 1978), and extensive studies indicate that the . level of supercoiling itself is tightly regulated (Menzel and Geliert, 1983). In . and other bacteria the amount of torsional stress is sufficient (Sinden et al

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