Titlebook: Understanding People; Trevor Butt Textbook 2004Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2004 behavior.Nation.persona

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Personality Theories 2: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Approachesre is a good case that can be made for this traffic to be seen as mainly in the other direction: that the theory’s main support comes from the so-called application. But cognitive-behavioural therapists also differ from both psychoanalysts and humanistic psychotherapists in that their focus is on specific cognitions and behaviours (Beck, 1976).

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Interpretive Understandinge foundations of their constructionism are very different from the anti-humanism of both discursive psychology and critical social psychology. I will also make reference to Kelly’s personal construct theory. This is because in many ways it elaborates important aspects of these frameworks in the area that we are interested in: personality.

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Personality Theories 1: Trait, Biological and Cognitive Social ApproachesBut my aim is not to give a comprehensive description and critique of these theories, instead it is to examine their (sometimes implicit) assumptions about the person; what is sometimes referred to as their ‘philosophical view’. I want to look at the frequently invisible foundations behind personali

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The Social Constructionist Critique of Personalitying on in their minds that causes their behaviour. The study of personality has been that part of psychology devoted to this pursuit. Of course, modern psychology does not talk about minds, but cognitive structures, construct systems and unconscious forces. But there remains an inside-outside distin

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The Causes of Behaviourrests. This issue has been seen traditionally in terms of internal versus external causes of behaviour. Pervin and John (200 1) see Freud and Skinner as occupying extreme positions on a person versus situation dimension. Now, they say, personality theorists accept the importance of both, and concent

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The Sense of Selfely, although these different terms have arisen in different theoretical frameworks (Elliott, 2001). Harré (1989) points out that the concept of self is fraught with grammatical confusion. Nevertheless, as we saw in Chapter 3, some humanists (for example Rogers) place the self at the centre of their