Titlebook: Ultrastructure Techniques for Microorganisms; Henry C. Aldrich,William J. Todd Book 1986 Plenum Press, New York 1986 Seen.antibody.biology

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Secrets of Successful Embedding, Sectioning, and Imaging, Development of an effective embedding protocol often meant success or failure of a research project. However, as microbiologists have gained more experience with a variety of embedding resins, it has become clear that we must address criteria beyond success or failure of penetration. Choice of embe

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Freeze-Fracture (-Etch) Electron Microscopy, interested in ultrastructure. First, because FEM is a replicating technique, it can provide both face-on as well as cross-sectional views of cellular components exposed by the fracturing of frozen cells. Thus, the investigator can visualize the morphology and distribution of specific components bot

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Preparation of Freeze-Dried Specimens for Electron Microscopy,ntrolled sublimation. In the simplest case, freeze-drying is followed directly by observation in a transmission electron microscope. The freeze-drying step can also be incorporated into a wide range of more complex processing protocols, which we will refer to briefly, directing the reader to recent

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Low-Temperature Embedding,s are subjected to the rigors of chemical fixation, dehydration in organic solvents, and embedment in various plastics and resins (most involving high-temperature curing); (2) distortion generated during sectioning; and (3) beam damage during observation. Suitable preparation methods must be develop

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High-Voltage Electron Microscopy,h higher than those used by conventional transmission (CTEM) or scanning-transmission (CSTEM) instruments. HVEMY requires a specialized instrument, commonly referred to as a high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM), that can operate at accelerating potentials of 1 MV or higher. These HVEMs differ con

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Computer Analysis of Ordered Microbiological Objects,ion of micrographs has given considerable insight into the structures being investigated. However, to obtain high-resolution information from electron micrographs of microbiological material, the simple, subjective methods generally used to interpret images are often inadequate. Objective methods of

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Digitizing and Quantitation,er as possible, the volume, area, number, and size of cells or components of cells derived from the analysis of two-dimensional images of sectioned material by the use of relatively simple to moderately complex techniques and equipment.

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Localization of Carbohydrate-Containing Molecules,ed into several broad categories based on their general composition and would include the polysaccharides (both homo- and heteropolymers), glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. These macromolecules, especially those exposed at the cell surface, have taken on considerable importance in the s

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Cytochemical Techniques for the Subcellular Localization of Enzymes in Microorganisms,omori’s (1952) for acid phosphatase activity, which had as end products heavy metal ions with sufficient mass to scatter electrons, were directly applicable for electron microscopy if noncoagulative fixatives were used. Introduction of catalytic osmiophilic polymer generation (Hanker .., 1972a) made