| 書目名稱 | The History and Future of Economics | | 編輯 | Robert U. Ayres | | 視頻video | http://file.papertrans.cn/912/911275/911275.mp4 | | 概述 | Includes in-depth discussions on contentious and historic issues in economic theory.Provides a comprehensive review of the rapidly expanding field of real world economics.Focused on the broad picture | | 圖書封面 |  | | 描述 | .The purpose of this book is three-fold. The first purpose is to posit that the fundamental substance of the universe is energy, and that energy is required (consumed) for any material transformation, or information transmission. The labor theory of value, articulated by the physiocrats and elaborated by Adam Smith, David Ricardo, J.B. Say and Karl Marx was a rough first approximation of the value creation process, in the 17.th.?and 18.th?.centuries, but is now obsolete. Labor is now (mostly) performed by machines, not by humans (or animals).??.The second aim of the book is to argue that the economy is a living (open) system -- an “island of order” –that exists far from both thermodynamic and? economic equilibrium. Order is achieved by dissipating a flux of exergy. Economists frequently emphasize the equilibrium assumption, introduced originally by Leon Walras in 1854. But in reality, biological systems and human social systems are dissipative cycles, far from both thermodynamic equilibrium, and economic equilibrium, yet stable and capable of evolution, driven by the solar exergy flux.?.The third aim of the book is to re-emphasize, that – being open – the economic system cannot be | | 出版日期 | Book 2023 | | 關(guān)鍵詞 | History of Economics; Physics and Economics; Thermodynamics and Economics; Order; Utility; Information an | | 版次 | 1 | | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26208-1 | | isbn_softcover | 978-3-031-26210-4 | | isbn_ebook | 978-3-031-26208-1 | | copyright | The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerl |
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