Titlebook: Surgical Intensive Care Medicine; John M. O‘Donnell,Flávio E. Nácul Book 2016Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s

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Acid–Bases..However, provided that hypoalbuminemia is appropriately corrected for, both the Stewart and bicarbonate-centered methods are mathematically compatible and may perform equally well in clinical practice, especially in simple acid–base disorders. However, if acid–base disorders become increasingly c

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導師

Airway Management in the Intensive Care Unithan in the operating room. This chapter will discuss how to perform an adequate airway evaluation, various intubating tools and techniques, and complications of intubations. The approach to managing a difficult airway and extubating a patient will be addressed. Methods to increase the safety of airw

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Vascular Cannulationween provider and patient. As providers, we are able to administer fluids, medication nutrition, and even therapy. In turn, from these cannulae, we can obtain valuable patient information when used for hemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling. This chapter reviews arterial, central venous, and pulm

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Vasopressors and Inotropesressure through arteriolar vasoconstriction, whereas the inotropes increase contractility, improving cardiac output. Most vasopressor and inotropic agents in clinical use exert their cardiovascular effect by interacting with adrenergic receptors in the heart and blood vessels. Although the optimum v

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Shockrgan dysfunction. The three physiologic stages of shock (compensated, microvascular injury, and decompensated) are best understood in terms of oxygen debt. The microcirculation is the vital organ of the cardiovascular system, and changes at this level can and should guide resuscitation in patients p

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Oxygen Transportlar systems. The individual steps include alveolar ventilation, diffusion from air to blood, binding to hemoglobin, convective transport to the tissues, dissociation from hemoglobin in the systemic microvasculature, and finally diffusion from blood to the mitochondria. The sequential, interactive na

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