Titlebook: Sub-Municipal Governance in Europe; Decentralization Bey Nikolaos-Komninos Hlepas,Norbert Kersting,Filipe T Book 2018 The Editor(s) (if app

聯(lián)想記憶

Between Identity Politics and the Politics of Scale: Sub-municipal Governance in Greece,cities and the “participatory euphoria” of the eighties, sub-municipal institutions increased spectacularly by numbers with the two major waves of amalgamations in 1998 and 2010. Top-down conceived and imposed, initially differentiating big cities and rural areas, these institutions developed in a m

剝皮

致敬

New Experiments of Maintenance of Old Traditions? Dual System of Sub-municipal Units in Poland, setting and variation of local policies toward SMUs. It stresses the difference in the position of SMUs in rural areas and in urban setting. The difference is related to two factors: (1) depth of historical traditions, (2) support of the central level (rural SMU receives support from the central bu

聲明

Deeply Rooted but Still Striving for a Role: The Portuguese , Under Reform,e freguesias. These parishes stand out as a special case in the European landscape, since all municipalities have SMUs that have evolved to become full-fledged, lower-tier local government units. We argue that these SMUs are—de facto—a division of the municipal territory into small units of governan

installment

轎車(chē)

Rural and Urban Sub-municipal Governance in Spain: The Contrasting Worlds of Lilliput and Brobdingnd in big cities (districts) express specific answers to different circumstances. While the first are the consequence of historically rooted institutions that have evolved up to the present without much change, the second emerged recently to give an answer to the functioning of big cities trying to p

漫步

flamboyant

Canary

,The “Little Town-Halls” in the Czech Republic: An Unexploited Potential of Functional Decentralizatns? What is the level of citizens’ interest in the SMUs? The chapter concludes with a discussion on whether the SMUs could be the appropriate instrument, partially counterbalancing the negative effects of the Czech fragmented municipal structure.

污穢

Rural and Urban Sub-municipal Governance in Spain: The Contrasting Worlds of Lilliput and Brobdingnut local democracy closer to citizens by decentralizing tasks and implementing citizens’ participation mechanisms. The chapter explores their contrasting origins, legal framework, functioning, election and representation systems, transferred tasks, and financial systems.