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Titlebook: Soviet Foreign Trade; The Decision Process H. Stephen Gardner Book 1983 Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing 1983 Import.economic integration.exchange

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發(fā)表于 2025-3-21 18:05:34 | 只看該作者 |倒序?yàn)g覽 |閱讀模式
書目名稱Soviet Foreign Trade
副標(biāo)題The Decision Process
編輯H. Stephen Gardner
視頻videohttp://file.papertrans.cn/873/872242/872242.mp4
圖書封面Titlebook: Soviet Foreign Trade; The Decision Process H. Stephen Gardner Book 1983 Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing 1983 Import.economic integration.exchange
描述The enigma of Soviet society is nowhere more strikingly manifested than in its economic relations with the outside world. Western business people, even those with representative offices in Moscow, often describe their negotiations with the Soviets as a veritable black-box affair. Offers for purchase and sale are funneled into the bureaucracy, usually via the Ministry of Foreign Trade, where they are digested for very long periods of time. When a response emerges, little is usually known about the level at which decisions were made, and even less is known about the criteria that were employed to make them. In the abstract, at least, foreign trade decision making in the Western market economies is a rather simple exercise. An American consumer will purchase a Toyota rather than a comparable Chrysler if its price, expressed in dollars at the market exchange rate, is lower. The influences of governmental tariffs, quantitative restrictions, foreign exchange controls, "buy American" policies, and the like, are usually of only secondary importance. In contrast, the Soviet consumer, whether an individual or an industrial enterprise, does not generally have the authority to order the import
出版日期Book 1983
關(guān)鍵詞Import; economic integration; exchange rates; foreign trade; trade
版次1
doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7415-9
isbn_softcover978-94-009-7417-3
isbn_ebook978-94-009-7415-9
copyrightKluwer-Nijhoff Publishing 1983
The information of publication is updating

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The Central Planning Agencies,services through the Soviet economy—the State Planning Committee, the State Committee for Material and Technical Supply, and the State Committee for Science and Technology—and three central agencies whose function is to coordinate financial flows—the Ministry of Finance, the State Bank, and the Stat
地板
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The Foreign Trade and Industrial Ministries,e for the operative tasks of buying, selling, producing, and using exports and imports. Despite their rank in the hierarchy, these agencies play an important role in foreign trade decision making for at least three reasons. First, since it is physically impossible to make all decisions at the centra
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Foreign Trade Optimization Models,, the FTEIs are extremely limited in their ability to reflect domestic resource scarcities and the conditions of demand on domestic and international markets. Ideally, however, all of these interdependent circumstances can be dealt with very conveniently in the framework of a linear or nonlinear opt
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-22 20:09:00 | 只看該作者
Empirical Analyses of Soviet Foreign Trade Decision Making,ucture. In subsequent chapters, we surveyed a number of methodological and systemic developments that may have contributed in one way or another to the pursuit of economic rationality. In this chapter, we shall review the statistical record in order to gauge the actual performance of Soviet foreign
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An Overview: The Bureaucracy and the Plan, fully described in the Soviet literature is the preparation of a variety of plans, including those for foreign economic relations. Later in this chapter we shall review the composition of those plans and the participation of the various agencies in their compilation.
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