Titlebook: Sex Work and Hate Crime; Innovating Policy, P Rosie Campbell,Teela Sanders Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021 w

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Book 2021they debate the relevance, problems and merits of the sex work hate crime model. The book provides another dimension to current theoretical and policy debates about widening definitions and law around hate crime to include other groups beyond existing protected characteristics.

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Why Is Hate Crime a Helpful Concept to Respond to Violence Against Sex Workers?,of treating crimes against sex workers as hate crimes. The book draws on two research projects across three police forces, one carried out in Merseyside, the force which pioneered the innovative approach of including sex workers in its hate crime policies and procedures and now known as the Merseysi

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What Is Hate Crime in the Context of Sex Work?,ch as intersectionality and ‘perceived vulnerability’. We chart how the theoretical academic literature has contested definitions around who are hate crime groups, characteristics and identities. Within this contested space we discuss the relevance to sex workers and their experiences of targeted ho

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,‘Everyday’ Hate Directed at Sex Workers,t them. We start with exploring some of the women’s own understanding of hate crime and awareness of inclusion in the policy in the Merseyside context. Sex workers’ experiences of hostility, hate and vulnerability add to their understanding of their group included in the hate crime approach and poli

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Developing, Implementing and Maintaining the Model,intained across a small number of police forces. We do this by drawing on data gathered across police forces who have more recently implemented the model since 2006 until the time of writing (2021), North Yorkshire and Cambridgeshire. We also reflect on the journey experienced by Merseyside police s

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Implications for Law, Policing and Scholarship,we draw out some concluding comments about what needs to improve in relation to frontline responses and the criminal justice system in order for crimes against sex workers to be adequately addressed. We discuss the intersectionality of this approach with decriminalisation as we think about how to im