Titlebook: Sea Snails; A natural history Joseph Heller Book 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 gastropod defence.gastropod food.g

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ilter-feeders and the many voracious predators, some which use venomous darts. The book also covers sea slugs (Opisthobranchia), which have shifted from mechanical to chemical defence; some are herbivores, some978-3-319-36187-1978-3-319-15452-7

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What Is a Snail?s. To crawl, power supplied by muscular contractions of the foot is transferred to the substratum through sticky mucus – an energetically very costly locomotion with very low efficiency..The mantle cavity is usually a small area around the gills into which the viscera discharge their wastes. Digesti

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Vetigastropda: Brush Snailsft muscle and right gill are reduced: abalones (Haliotidae), which graze in the lower intertidal and in which the slit closes into several holes; and side-slits (Pleurotomarioidea), which feed on sponge in the deep. Topshells (Trochoidea), the largest and most diverse of brush snail groups, have spi

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Functional Morphology: An Evolutionary Perspective to fertile sperm, advanced snail males have sterile sperm (‘parasperm’) which, when inside the female, may perhaps create a hostile environment for fertile sperm of competing males..The shell consists of calcium layers structured like plywood which prevents superficial cracks from penetrating the s

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