Titlebook: Scientific Debates in Space Science; Discoveries in the E Warren David Cummings,Louis J. Lanzerotti Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable)

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Book 2023tes led to significant new understandings of the constituents and processes occurring beyond Earth’s atmosphere, and often opened new research directions. Scientific speculations with their resultant debates have played an important role in the development and furthering of research in general. The

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Size of the Solar System,gravitational assists from Jupiter and Saturn, the Voyager spacecraft crossed the termination shock and the heliopause. The distances to these surfaces were larger than generally predicted, and the overall structure of the heliosphere remains a very active area of research.

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Solar Wind or Solar Breeze?,Chamberlain, as to whether the plasma flowing from the Sun was supersonic, a “solar wind,” or subsonic, a “solar breeze.” Instruments on spacecraft from the Soviet Union and the US soon confirmed that Parker’s solar wind flowed from the Sun’s corona.

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n the heliosphere, the Moon, asteroids and comets, and cosmi.This book features several of the significant scientific debates and controversies that helped develop space science in the early space era. The debates led to significant new understandings of the constituents and processes occurring beyo

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Introduction,in 1957, followed in 1958 by the first US satellites. In particular, the discovery of radiation belts around Earth by James Van Allen and his colleagues at the University of Iowa, using instruments on the Explorers 1 and 3 satellites, is often cited as the beginning of the “Space Age”. Prior to Van

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Open Versus Closed Magnetosphere,the Earth’s magnetic field.Following the work of British physicist Sydney Chapman and his Italian-born student, Vincenzo Ferraro, it was generally understood that the Earth’s magnetic field could be confined to a cavity by the plasma flowing from the Sun. The British scientist James Dungey proposed