Titlebook: Science, Technology and Society; New Directions Andrew Webster Textbook 1991Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1991 Institution.re

厚臉皮

Exploiting Science and Technology (I),research. Although state-funded research conducted in the public sector is very important — especially in the military field — corporate R&D is much greater in terms of funding and personnel. This industrial exploitation of science and technology is discussed in detail in the next chapter.

ANIM

JOG

Sociology of Science and Technology,f science itself. However, while there is general agreement about this, sociologists have differed over the way this process is to be understood and the methodological implications it has. This debate provides the primary focus of this chapter.

混沌

Sociology of Science and Technology,orians of science have shown that the general shape and direction of science is influenced by social processes. So too are the very knowledge-claims of science itself. However, while there is general agreement about this, sociologists have differed over the way this process is to be understood and t

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,Sociology and Science Policy: Opening and Managing the ‘Black Box’,allenge the conventional image of science as unequivocal, authoritative, objective knowledge, this does not mean that it has fooled us, and itself — like the Emperor with no clothes — all along. Science and technology are genuinely powerful knowledge-based systems reproduced by a range of powerful s

Confess

Exploiting Science and Technology (I),h different states have sought to exploit their national knowledge bases of behalf of the ‘national interest’. We shall also give some consideration to the way in which this is increasingly associated with pressures to commercialise public sector R&D, whether in the laboratory of the government rese

Organization

Exploiting Science and Technology (II),as technicians, engineers or laboratory researchers, the sociology of science has paid much less attention to them over the past two decades than it has to the public sector academic research community. Perhaps in part this is because the earlier Mertonian approach tended to regard scientists in ind

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Controlling Science and Technology: Popular and Radical Alternatives,ical systems? And for what purpose: what direction are we to take, whose interests are we to serve? And since, as we have seen, science and technology are malleable, socially negotiated, institutionally located and without clear boundaries, then what is ‘.’ that we are trying to control?

細絲

Conclusion,ularly keen to indicate how this work relates to important issues within the field of science policy, to show how this growing body of research can be regarded as more than simply an academic specialty within the discipline. In highlighting the major shifts in the sociology of science I have suggest

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nsional bioprinting overcomes the drawbacks of three-dimensional printing such as better control of cell distribution and adaptable to extracellular matrix (ECM) environment and biocompatibility characteristics. The rapid prototyping is playing a vital role in fabricating the various personalized pr