Titlebook: Russian Coal in the Era of Climate Change; Why it Will Survive Nikita Lomagin,Irina Mironova,Michael Oshchepkov Book 2023 The Editor(s) (i

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Conclusion,portantly—other fuels such as natural gas. However, there remain two large questions in that respect: How did that transition from “plan” to “market” happen and what lessons can be learned here? Also, what will coal phase-out initiatives across various regions of the world mean for the future of the Russian coal industry?

貧窮地活

Introduction,arbonization, increased Western sanctions, and difficulties in achieving market competitiveness. This new state of the coal sector’s market environment warrants an examination of what lessons can be drawn from the past tribulations of one of Russia’s most iconic and strategically important industries.

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Russian Coal Sector in the Age of Climate Change,, Khozin and his co-authors identified ecology as a “universal human problem” and faulted Soviet subordination of environmental concerns to military-industrial goals as a “temporary” expedient that must be corrected.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5370-7Russian; Climate Change; Political Economy; Coal; Energy

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Coal in the Soviet Economy,Coal mining in Russia has a significant history and goes back about three hundred years. For a long time, the development of the coal industry was directly related to the needs of a growing economy, constantly requiring additional energy resources for the development of the industrial sector.

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Modern Coal Companies of Russia,The restructuring process of the Russian coal industry, which began in 1994, was based on the standards of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) and was carried out in the shortest possible time—about a decade (see Chapter 2).

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