Titlebook: Retinal Development; Methods and Protocol Chai-An Mao Book 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 central

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Retinal Strip Culture for Studying Ganglion Cell Axon Growth,nd proteoglycans. RGC axons express integrin, which is activated by binding to ECM proteins to regulate cytoskeleton. To study the growth of RGC axons in vitro, maintaining the natural environment for them is absolutely necessary. For this purpose, culturing a strip of embryonic chick retina in Matr

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Multiple Approaches for Enhancing Neural Activity to Promote Neurite Outgrowth of Retinal Explants, we describe various methods, including electrical stimulation, pharmacological manipulation, and optogenetics, to elevate neural activity of retinal explants in mice and to analyze their effects on promoting neurite outgrowth in organotypic culture.

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Adeno-Associated Virus as Gene Delivery Vehicle into the Retina,human gene therapy. The safety profile of AAV has been well-characterized in vivo studies, and the first gene therapy for patients with vision loss caused by Leber congenital amaurosis or retinitis pigmentosa was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2017. This is an exciting era for in

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Ultrasensitive RNAscope In Situ Hybridization System on Embryonic and Adult Mouse Retinas,patial RNA expression in highly heterogeneous tissues, such as developing and mature central nervous systems, where rare genes involved in many fundamental developmental or biological events are expressed. Although several techniques have been developed to detect low levels of RNA expression, there

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Single-Cell Capture, RNA-seq, and Transcriptome Analysis from the Neural Retina,t per cell has been dramatically reduced, and the throughput has been increased by 10.-fold. Like many other tissues, the retina is highly heterogeneous with an estimated of over 100 subtypes of neuronal cells. Here, we describe the current techniques to perform scRNA-seq on the adult retinal tissue

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Genetically Directed Sparse Labeling System for Anatomical Studies of Retinal Ganglion Cells,ic morphologies and their corresponding stratification level in the inner plexiform layer are indicators of their physiological function and presynaptic connection with other neurons. Mis-patterned dendritic morphologies underlie many neurological disease conditions. To streamline the morphological

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Intracellular Dye Microinjection in Retinal Morphological and Communication Studies,lopmental studies, intracellular dye microinjection is an extensively applied technique. Dyes and/or chemical compounds are introduced into retinal neurons via iontophoresis injection to identify cell types, communication, and developmental changes. Here, we describe the detailed methods for ejectin