Titlebook: Rectal Cancer Surgery; Optimisation — Stand Odd S?reide,Jarle Norstein Book 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997 Karzinom.Rektumkarz

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Regional Anatomy of the Male Pelvic Nerve Plexus: Composition, Divisions and Relationship to the Lymymphatic pathways facilitates the development of function-preserving surgical procedures. As the field of dissection is very limited in this region, the structural relationships are difficult to assess during surgery.

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The Lymphatic Spread of Rectal Cancer and the Effect of Dissection: Japanese Contribution and Experioposal of a specific surgical procedure addressing a particular clinical issue. Kraske and Quenu argued for sacral or perineal approach to the primary tumor, but how to approach a higher located rectal tumor was still discussed and was undergoing research

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Surgical Options in Rectal Cancer have not improved, reflected by a reported local failure rate varying from 4% to over 30%, and an overall survival of less than 50% [1]. Although figures on recurrence rate may be partially dependent on the length of follow-up, and the diagnostic tools and the diagnostic criteria employed, such variation is unique in cancer surgery [18].

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Preoperative Staging: A Critical AnalysisThe decision as to the best surgical technique for treatment of a patient with rectal cancer depends on several factors: tumor location, penetration of bowel wall, lymph node status, tumour grading, and, last but not least, the surgeon’s experience and preference.

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Anatomical Basis of Total Mesorectal Excision and Preservation of the Pelvic Autonomic Nerves in theThe rectum can be defined as the final 15 cm of the large intestine. Despite its name, it is curved within the sagittal coronal planes. Sagittally the rectum curves anteriorly along the sacrum and makes a sharp posterior curve when the rectum penetrates the levator ani reaches the anal canal. In the coronal plane the rectum is S-shaped.