Titlebook: Rectal Cancer Surgery; Optimisation — Stand Odd S?reide,Jarle Norstein Book 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997 Karzinom.Rektumkarz

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Surgical Options in Rectal Cancer have not improved, reflected by a reported local failure rate varying from 4% to over 30%, and an overall survival of less than 50% [1]. Although figures on recurrence rate may be partially dependent on the length of follow-up, and the diagnostic tools and the diagnostic criteria employed, such var

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Failure After Curative Surgery Aloneresections (AR) for rectal cancer has been reversed in the last two decades. However, this trend has not been accompanied by significant reductions in disease recurrence and death over the same period [41, 60, 101, 127].

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Potential of Molecular Biology in Preoperative Evaluationsh positive series than negative series. It is only when several retrospective and preferably prospective studies have been performed and compared against the gold standards for prognosis derived from the histopathological staging and grading of rectal cancer that the newer techniques should be adopted.

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also the only site of failure in up to 50% of patients. A disturbing fact is that the local recurrence rate shows considerably surgeon-related variances. There is now strong evidence that optimizing surgical technique by adopting the principle of total mesorectal excision (TME) will reduce local fa

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Results of Rectal Cancer Treatment: A National Experienceatterns of failure were unknown. Reports published in the early 1980s [19, 21] indicated that secondary surgery for recurrences and metastases could result in a survival benefit for individual patients. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) guided second look surgery in asymptomatic patients seemed to be particularly beneficial [19, 21, 33].