Titlebook: Recoding: Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression; John F. Atkins,Raymond F.‘Gesteland Book 2010 Springer-Verlag New York 201

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Reprogramming the Ribosome for Selenoprotein Expression: RNA Elements and Protein Factorsenocysteine incorporation occurs cotranslationally at UGA codons in a subset of messages in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea. UGA codons are recoded to specify selenocysteine, rather than termination, by the presence of specialized .- and .-acting factors. Here we discuss the mechanism of seleno

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Specification of Standard Amino Acids by Stop Codons which promotes release of the polypeptide and dissociation of the ribosome. However, the efficiency of termination depends of the local context of the stop codon. In a number of cases, programmed stop codon readthrough occurs allowing the synthesis of two polypeptides from the same mRNA. These even

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剝削

Recoding Therapies for Genetic Diseasesh many different genetic diseases. In this chapter we provide an overview of approaches to promote readthrough of premature stop mutations, including pharmacological agents and suppressor tRNAs. We also describe the use of oligonucleotides to induce differential splicing to exclude disease-causing m

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Pseudoknot-Dependent Programmed —1 Ribosomal Frameshifting: Structures, Mechanisms and Modelsshifting occurs in response to specific signals in the mRNA; a slippery sequence, where the ribosome changes frame, and a stimulatory RNA secondary structure, usually a pseudoknot, located immediately downstream. During the frameshift the ribosome slips backwards by a single nucleotide (in the 5′-wa

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Hippocampus

Recoding in Bacteriophageso overlapping tail genes, and both the shifted and unshifted products have essential roles as chaperones of tail assembly. This class is remarkable for the widespread conservation of a frameshift mechanism in the absence of conservation of the direction or magnitude of the shift. The second class of