Titlebook: Recent Sedimentary Carbonates; Part 1 Marine Carbon John D. Milliman,German Müller,Ulrich F?rstner Book 1974 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelb

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Methodsof these four parameters is discussed in this chapter. Further discussion can be found in standard petrography books (such as K. and P., 1938; M., 1967), as well as in papers quoted throughout this chapter.

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Non-Skeletal Components the presence of lithoclasts within a sediment suggests the proximity of an outcrop, either subaerial or subaqueous. Most lithoclasts are recognized by their generally well-developed matrix and by grain boundaries which may cut constituent particles. Lithoclasts from older outcrops may contain parti

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Skeletal Componentsonents can also serve other purposes, such as in attachment of the organism to the substrate (for example the basal plate of cirripeds) or in feeding (the radulae of gastropods). Skeletons can be comprised of many minerals (including magnetite, goethite and fluorite) but most skeletons are composed

Coeval

Eulittoral (Shallow-Water) Sedimentationch as hermatypic corals and calcareous green algae are limited to warmer climates. In addition, warmer waters are more favorable for non-skeletal precipitation. This is not to say that carbonate-rich shallow-water sediments are limited to tropical climates. Serpulid and vermetid reefs, as well as hi

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CANON

Deep-Sea Carbonatesgree of carbonate saturation within the ambient waters. Carbonate productivity is greatest in the surficial waters of those oceanic areas having high biologic productivity. Such locations include areas of upwelling (for example, equatorial upwelling) and those areas peripheral to the major gyres of

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Carbonate Cementationtive classifications are mineralogy, chemistry, pterography and texture. This latter parameter forms the basis for most classifications (H. and P., 1962). Limestones consist of three general textural components: 1. the framework, grains generally coarser than 62 microns (although L. and P., 1962, as

Compass

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Eulittoral (Shallow-Water) Sedimentationipitation. This is not to say that carbonate-rich shallow-water sediments are limited to tropical climates. Serpulid and vermetid reefs, as well as high latitude eulittoral organisms, can create carbonate-rich deposits in colder climates. Some examples will be given in the latter part of this chapter.

Lignans

Deep-Sea Carbonatesbiologic productivity. Such locations include areas of upwelling (for example, equatorial upwelling) and those areas peripheral to the major gyres of oceanic circulation (such as the Gulf Stream). Lowest productivity occurs within central oceanic gyres, such as the Sargasso Sea.