Titlebook: Raynaud’s Phenomenon; From Pathogenesis to Fredrick M. Wigley,Ariane L. Herrick,Nicholas A. F Book 2024Latest edition The Editor(s) (if app

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Systemic Vasospasm,mines the possible role of vasospasm in scleroderma outside of the peripheral circulation and RP in playing a role in the pathogenesis of scleroderma renal crisis, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac disease. This chapter then examines the evidence that may exist linking RP with systemic vascular di

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Angiography,y at the distal ends of the extremities which are frequently the vessels of most concern in this patient population. Another option is magnetic resonance angiography which may accurately image medium and small vessels, but is highly dependent upon the technique used and the interpreting radiologist.

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,Laboratory Assessment of Raynaud’s Phenomenon,further validation. A more centralised approach to perfusion-based protocol design and analysis has enabled validation of certain methods paving the way for multicentre phase II clinical trials. Several new techniques offer further options for better differentiation between patient groups (recently