Titlebook: Quantitative Risk Analysis of Air Pollution Health Effects; Louis Anthony Cox Jr. Book 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Risk Asses

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Simulating Exposure-Related Health Effects: Basic Idease exposition in this chapter is motivated by an observation made by toxicologist Julie Goodman of Gradient, who coauthored the article on which this chapter is based (Cox Jr et al. 2020): most of the key ideas of the dynamic simulation approach can be explained through relatively simple diagrams, wi

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Intervention

Case Study: Health Risks from Asbestos Exposuresssessment assumptions imply that the answer is yes: there is no safe exposure level. This chapter draws on recent scientific progress in inflammation biology, especially elucidation of the activation thresholds for NLRP3 inflammasomes and resulting chronic inflammation as discussed in Chaps. . and .

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Nonlinear Dose-Time-Response Risk Models for Protecting Worker Healthrently succeeding relatively well in reducing silicosis risks? This chapter seeks to apply insights from the simulation models developed in Chaps. . and . to address this important practical question and to suggest possible directions for revising regulations of occupational exposures to make them m

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Why Not Replace Quantitative Risk Assessment Models with Regression Models?tanding causal exposure concentration-response (C-R) relationships well enough to predict how changes in exposure would affect health risks—a task that typically requires causal insights that regression modeling alone cannot deliver (Pearl 2009). Chapters ., ., ., and . have discussed dynamic simula

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Case Study: Are Low Concentrations of Benzene Disproportionately Dangerous?ent in causing harm—describe the risks from many well-studied public and occupational hazards including asbestos, benzene, lead, particulate air pollution, and ionizing radiation; and that this implies that exposure concentrations must be driven to zero, or close to it, to adequately protect human h