Titlebook: Politicians in Hard Times; Spanish and South Eu Xavier Coller,Leonardo Sánchez-Ferrer Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Autho

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How Democracy Works: Divergent Perspectives of Representatives and Citizens,s chapter focuses on the perceptions and preferences of Spaniards, and their representatives, regarding the functioning of democracy. The argument emphasizes fundamental differences between representatives and the represented with regard to their preferences for how democracy . function. The discuss

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,Elite and Citizens’ Attitudes Towards Territorial Organisation,e las autonomías’) were created, citizens have increasingly supported political decentralisation. However, the surge for Catalan independence and the subsequent constitutional crisis provoked by the secession attempt in 2017 may have changed the attitudes of many, who are now much more critical of S

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極大的痛苦

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Ideological Congruence Following the Great Recession,r the 2010s. Data show that ideological congruence on the left-right scale is lower following the Great Recession than before. The reason is not only the emergence of new parties, some of which are radical, but the fact that the two traditional mainstream parties have become more extreme and polaris

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Ideological and Policy Congruence in Italy and Spain,ticular, the degree of congruence between party members of parliament (MPs) and party voters is analysed both on the general left-right scale and on specific policy issues using data on the general elections in Spain (2016) and Italy (2013). This chapter connects with the debate on the crisis of mai