Titlebook: Political Opposition in Authoritarianism; Exit, Voice and Loya Rico Isaacs Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under

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Exit, Voice and Loyalty—Opposition Strategies and Choice from Above in Kazakhstan, 1998–2011nt political opposition agency matrix pertaining to exit and voice discussed in Chapter 3, this chapter provides an account of how oligarchic opposition in Kazakhstan moved through the different nodal points of exit and voice, while the regime responded with sanctions and institutional adaptation. T

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Non-oligarchic Public Voice in Kazakhstan from Below, 2011–2022 the absence of the feedback signal that oligarchic opposition agency had provided, the Nazarbayev regime was left exposed to spontaneous, grassroots opposition voice. The chapter first provides an overarching characterisation of non-institutional, non-oligarchic opposition in Kazakhstan, before the

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Conclusionsystems? The chapter highlights four broad areas where the case of Kazakhstan contributes to our understanding of opposition agency in authoritarian systems. The first is that for a more fundamental understanding of the logic of opposition in authoritarian systems we need to broaden our conceptualis

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06536-1Kazakhstan; Political Opposition; Central Asia; Political Institutions; Authoritarianism; Legitimation an

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The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerl

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Political Opposition in Authoritarianism978-3-031-06536-1Series ISSN 2947-4469 Series E-ISSN 2947-4477

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Rico IsaacsOffers the first monographic account specifically dedicated to the development of political opposition in Kazakhstan.Based on 100 in-depth interviews with key political actors and specialists over the

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