Titlebook: Politeness Across Cultures; Francesca Bargiela-Chiappini (Honorary Associate P Book 2011 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publi

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Conflict, Culture and Facems are made, between cultures (Brown and Levinson 1987; Ide 1989; O’Driscoll 1996). When participants from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other, their different interacional rules must be negotiated so that potential threats to face can be avoided. Because the judgement of face

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Cultural Variability in Face Interpretation and ManagementGoffman 1967; Lim 1994). Goffman (1967: 5) defines face as “the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself” and “an image of self delineated in terms of approved social attributes”. In other words, face is a complex image of self which is socially constructed and determined by a s

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Epilogue huge amount of literature and come with a very considerable amount of intellectual, and perhaps equally important, emotional baggage. Both have proved surprisingly resistant to canonical definition and have largely shuffled off their historical associations with ‘refinement’, ‘high art’ and ‘polite

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Cultural Variability in Face Interpretation and Managementelineated in terms of approved social attributes”. In other words, face is a complex image of self which is socially constructed and determined by a system of cultural values. In a similar vein, Bargiela-Chiappini describes face in the . (2006: 423):

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Introduction: Politeness Research In and Across Culturess of this collection, we will briefly discuss ways in which ‘culture’ is represented in contemporary politeness studies, in comparision with its theorisation in other fields (Lévi-Strauss 1955, Hodder 1982). This selective retrospective will place the present volume in the context of current debates on politeness.

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Modes of Address Between Female Staff in Georgian Professional Discourse: Medical and Academic Contextsd of politeness research. While Rukhadze was innovative in her analysis of the use of conventional politeness strategies, she did not make use of natural language data in her work. Nevertheless, she points to the crucial significance of in-groups and out-groups as defining concepts in Georgian culture.

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Conflict, Culture and Faceiver’s culture can threaten face (e.g. Spencer-Oatey and Xing 2003). Thus, a new set of interactional norms, which combines the different norms that participants bring to the interaction, may emerge within a group of people from different cultural backgrounds who are involved in a continuous relationship (Sunaoshi 2005).

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Epilogueid in the world, and thus with the history of the human spirit” (Preface to the 1873 edition of . .. Yet both remain as crucially important concepts as ever, which reach well beyond the large number of academic disciplines that make use of them (perhaps particularly culture). Indeed, in his seminal book on ., Baumann (1996: 9) argues that