Titlebook: Optogenetics; Light-Sensing Protei Hiromu Yawo,Hideki Kandori,Amane Koizumi Book 20151st edition Springer Japan 2015 Channelrhodopsin.Halor

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Structure-Functional Analysis of Channelrhodopsinsring, neurons expressing ChRs can be optically controlled, even within freely moving mammals. Although ChR has been broadly applied to neuroscience research, little is known about its molecular mechanisms. In this chapter, we first describe the simple background of rhodopsin family proteins includin

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Molecular Mechanisms for Ion Transportation of Microbial Rhodopsins Studied by Light-Induced Differe molecular mechanisms is important for designing such tools more efficiently. The dynamics of these proteins upon photoactivation can be studied by light-induced difference Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. As the structural information involves hydrogen, which is not readily accessibl

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Optogenetic Potentials of Diverse Animal Opsinss of animal opsins have been identified, and molecular phylogenetic and biochemical analyses have revealed that opsin-based pigments have basically diversified in selective activation of G proteins (Gs, Gq, Gi, Go, and transducin). Here, we discuss the optogenetic potentials of diverse animal opsins

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Color Tuning in Retinylidene ProteinsSchiff base as their light-sensing chromophore. The chromophore is surrounded by seven-transmembrane α-helices and absorbs light at different wavelengths due to differences in the electronic energy gap between its ground and excited states. The variation in the wavelength of maximal absorption (λ.:

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General Description: Future Prospects of Optogeneticsasurement and manipulation of cell functions by light. The use of fluorescent proteins, bioluminescence systems, and light-sensitive proteins facilitates the optical methods in combination with genetic engineering techniques. Techniques involving the application of light-sensitive proteins are colle

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Optogenetic Manipulation and Probingar functions in vivo. To enable the control and monitoring of cellular activities, ‘photo-actuator molecules’ and ‘fluorescent probe molecules’ have been generated, respectively. Photo-actuators are the motor molecules that can trigger cellular activities by photo-activation of specific intracellula

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Probing Neuronal Activity Using Genetically Encoded Red Fluorescent Calcium Indicatorslly encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) is a promising method that can visualize the spatiotemporal activity patterns of brain cells. Recent advances in protein engineering have greatly improved the properties of fluorescent GECIs, and they now have high flexibility for imaging defined cell populatio