Titlebook: Opioids; Pharmacology, Abuse, Silvia L. Cruz Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer

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A Brief History of Opioids and the Evolution of Concepts Associated with Substance Use Disordershe origins of the poppy flower, the recreational and medical use of opium in ancient cultures and Asia, and its pathway to European users. This chapter also reviews the different medicinal opium preparations (e.g., beverages, syrups, concoctions) used until the nineteenth century and the Opium Wars

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The Two Sides of Opioid Use: Unmet Needs of Opioids for Pain Management and the Role of Opioids in Stion opioids (heroin, fentanyl, and new synthetic opioids) in substance use disorders. It draws attention to the unfulfilled United Nations General Assembly (UNGASS) agreements to adopt a public health approach, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to strengthen prevention and treatment,

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Toward a New Drug Policy Agreementone delineates the institutional architecture in which this system operates within the framework of the United Nations organization. The third section refers to the Special Sessions of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGASS) on the World Drug Problem, emphasizing the one of 2016 where integrati

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The Opioid Crisesnd overdose deaths increased to unprecedented levels in the United States, causing a devastating crisis. Canada suffered a similar problem but to a lesser extent. These crises were triggered by aggressive marketing strategies promoting prescription opioids to treat chronic non-cancer pain and using

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Persons Who Misuse Opioidse of the adversities associated with drug use. The social and emotional problems of PWIDs include poverty, restricted access to health-care services, malnourishment, low education, and few job opportunities. In addition, stigma, discrimination, police brutality, traumatic experiences, and sexual vio

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Opioids in Painptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic). It also reviews the different scales used to assess pain only (unidimensional) or pain and the emotional and cognitive changes associated with it (multidimensional pain assessing scales); the physiology of pain, including the ascending and descending pain pathway