Titlebook: Operative Neuromodulation; Volume 1: Functional Damianos E. Sakas,Brian A. Simpson,Elliot S. Krame Book 2007 Springer-Verlag Vienna 2007 ce

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Intrathecal opioids for intractable pain syndromest pain. In general, most types of pain should be treatable by opioid medication. However, the associated systemic side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, constipation or the risk of suppression of the central nervous system hinder the application of oral or intravenous opioid therapy as a sole, widel

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Drug-enhanced spinal stimulation for pain: a new strategymulation (SCS) is considered; however, in this group of patients, between 30–50% of the cases offered a percutaneous SCS trial may fail to obtain a satisfactory effect. Additionally, a certain number of patients with a good initial effect, report that after a period the benefits are reduced necessit

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Factors affecting spinal cord stimulation outcome in chronic benign pain with suggestions to improveTrial Stimulation is an important tool to reduce the rate of failed permanent implants, and to improve cost-effectiveness. The etiology of pain has a strong influence on the success rate. The success rate is inversely proportional to the time interval from the initial onset of symptoms to the time o