Titlebook: Operando Research in Heterogeneous Catalysis; Joost Frenken,Irene Groot Book 2017 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer N

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Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS),ting XPS at higher pressures and discuss other experimental challenges that need to be addressed in APXPS investigations. At the end of the chapter, examples of APXPS experiments of CO oxidation over Ru and Pd, as well as the oxidation of other small hydrocarbons are shown.

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Live Observations of Catalysts Using High-Pressure Scanning Probe Microscopy,um conditions of traditional laboratory experiments. Differences in structure, composition, reaction mechanism, activity, and selectivity have been observed. These differences indicated the presence of the “pressure gap”, and made it clear that meaningful results can only be obtained at high pressur

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Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS),to quantitatively analyze the elemental and chemical composition with high surface sensitivity. The understanding of heterogeneous catalytic processes under realistic conditions requires measurements at elevated pressures, far from the high-vacuum conditions under which the majority of XPS measureme

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Surface-Sensitive X-ray Diffraction Across the Pressure Gap,ctures under high pressure reaction conditions and elevated temperatures which are relevant for industrial catalysis. After the introduction surface-sensitive X-ray diffraction methods are briefly explained and specialized instrumentation developed for the in situ investigation of surfaces and nanos

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