Titlebook: On Systems Analysis and Simulation of Ecological Processes with Examples in CSMP and FORTRAN; P. A. Leffelaar Book 1993 Springer Science+B

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Philosophy and terminologySince the 1950s, engineers have paid much attention to the study of complex, dynamic systems. Their successes inspired biologists to apply similar techniques in their disciplines. The approach is characterized by the terms: system, model and simulation.

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A simulation language: Continuous System Modeling Program IIICSMP stands for Continuous System Modeling Program, version III. It has been extensively described in the Program Reference Manual by IBM Corporation, 1975. In this chapter only the essentials of CSMP will be discussed. However, these essentials enable us to solve many problems.

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Additional exercises IIe of 4000 kg ha.. In the model this increase is distributed evenly throughout the year. Furthermore, it is known that the half-live time of the organic matter is about 35 years and that each year 0.5% of this organic matter is leached from the soil, at a rate RLCHR.

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Mass flow, numerical dispersion and diffusionibuted around the 20. day. The shape of the cumulative curve of germinated seeds versus time, will be similar to the breakthrough curve. (Compare for example the curves in Figure 8.8.) The distribution of the germination periods can, in principle, be explained by variation in the ambient conditions

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0929-7006 nditions, where water is the main factor controlling primary production, the simulation technique could predict the production of natural grasslands. Fair predicti- ons could also be made for the Sahelian pastures (Penning de Vries & Djiteye, 1982). Predictive models of populations of different pest and disea978-94-011-2086-9Series ISSN 0929-7006

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