Titlebook: Noncommutative Geometry and the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics; Florian Scheck,Harald Upmeier,Wend Werner Book 2002 Springe

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充足

RALES

拒絕

ICLE

The Higgs Mechanism and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking there was only one massless spin-1 particle known at the time (the photon) nonabelian gauge theory was to be rejectedon physical grounds. The few facts that were reportedab out this are collectedin a recent paper by O’Raifeartaigh andStraumann [171] which also gives a more detailedaccount of the earlier work by H. Weyl and O. Klein.

Aggrandize

Quantum Fields and Noncommutative SpacetimeHence, resolutions of distances which are smaller than the Planck length . seem to be impossible. Therefore, the association of points of some smooth manifold with the localization of events has no operative meaning.

CLEAR

The Einstein-Hilbert Action as a Spectral Actionction. For . a smooth section in ., ..(.), we define the ..-.. and the associated ..-... More generally, for any . we have the ... The completions of ..(.) with respect to these norms are denoted ..(.) and ..(.), the spaces of square-integrable sections and Sobolev-sections in ..

逃避現(xiàn)實

NC Geometry and Quantum Fields: Simple Examplesgence of the effective fermion action in four dimensions is computed. It is argued that the result of this computation provides a physical motivation for a particular form of the spectral action principle in NCG.

壓迫

Comedienne

The Electro-weak Modelill consider . and .., .., .. as components of a single object . with three different “generations”. Correspondingly, we let . and . be finite-dimensional complex vector spaces called right and left generation spaces. We assume dim . = dim . (= 3 experimentally). The distinction between right and left (chirality) is motivated as follows.