Titlebook: Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Pathogenesis, Clinic Shunsei Hirohata Book 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part o

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Genetics,fy the causative variants in each candidate region are under way. The list of candidate genes points to the crucial pathways that play a role in the development of SLE, such as HLA and immune system signaling, upregulated type I interferon and nucleic acids response, and defective clearance of dying

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Clinical Features,d. In 1999, the American college of rheumatology (ACR) proposed nomenclature and case definitions of NPSLE as nosology for clinical descriptions and research. Clinically, NPSLE is classified into 2?different categories; one is diffuse psychiatric/neuropsychological syndromes and the other is neurolo

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Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis,agement of patients with this disease. NPSLE can manifest as a range of neurological and psychiatric features, which are classified using the ACR case definitions for 19 neuropsychiatric syndromes. Approximately one-third of all NPSLE events in patients with SLE are primary manifestations of SLE-rel

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Imaging of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,the evaluation of abnormalities occurred in the central nervous system (CNS). Computed tomography (CT) scan is one of the common techniques and is very useful to detect a large lesion such as ischemic stroke, hemorrhage and tumor, providing help to rule out CNS diseases other than SLE. Magnetic reso