Titlebook: Neuro-Ophthalmology; Global Trends in Dia Andrew G. Lee,Alexandra J. Sinclair,Susan P. Molla Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

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Optic Neuritis,ination syndromes such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) syndrome may mimic MS and can present with acute optic neuritis. In contrast to MS related ON however, bilateral, anterior, and/or recurrent ON is more likely to occur in NMO or MOG syndromes.

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Giant Cell Arteritis,a high level of suspicion. Evaluation includes complete blood count with differential, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Temporal artery biopsy should be obtained if there is any question to confirm the diagnosis. Prompt corticosteroid treatment (prior to the temporal artery biopsy) should be instituted.

愛花花兒憤怒

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Traumatic Optic Neuropathy,bination of primary and secondary axonal injury and ischemia. A number of medical and surgical treatments for TON have been proposed, but no standard approach exists. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of the injury, the types of optic nerve damage that occur, and the optimal treatment strategies.

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Treatment of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION), with vascular risk factors and a “disc at risk” (i.e., a small optic nerve head and an absent or small physiologic cup). Potential areas for intervention in NAION include correction of underlying risk factors, improving perfusion to the optic nerve, reducing the pressure at the level of the optic n

淺灘

Giant Cell Arteritis,ally over the age of 50. Presenting symptoms may include headache, scalp tenderness, fatigue, malaise, fever, jaw claudication, and transient or constant diplopia or visual loss. Occasionally, ophthalmic symptoms occur in the absence of common systemic symptoms. Thus, ophthalmologists must maintain

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Neuroimaging for Isolated Sixth Nerve Cranial Neuropathy,mia. Traditionally, clinical recommendation has been to defer immediate neuroimaging in favor of “watchful waiting” anticipating spontaneous recovery of the ocular motor palsy, as imaging is usually unrevealing. However, this approach may result in a missed or delayed diagnosis of an alternative, po

辯論的終結(jié)

Medical Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH),dache, pulse synchronous tinnitus, transient visual obscurations, papilledema with its associated visual loss, and diplopia from VI nerve paresis. Many disease associations have been alleged but few other than obesity, hypervitaminosis A and related compounds, steroid withdrawal and female gender ha