Titlebook: Natural Fullerenes and Related Structures of Elemental Carbon; Frans J. M. Rietmeijer Book 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006

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Formation of Fullerenes,lso the source of most of the fullerenes occurring on earth. The formation processes based on evaporation and on combustion seem to be vastly different indicating that various chemical reaction routes lead to fullerenes.

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,Fullerene C60 in Solid Bitumen Accumulations in Neo-Proterozoic Pillow-Lavas at Mítov (Bohemian Mas pillow lava bodies. Rare fullerenes in Mítov were probably preserved in the closed micropores and mesopores of the glass-like, solid bitumen. Pyrolysis of biogenic PAHs precursors seems a plausible way to form fullerenes in geological environments.

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Fullerenes and Related Carbon Compounds in Interstellar Environments,o diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) have been identified in the near infrared that are consistent with laboratory measurements of the C60 cation. We review the current knowledge on fullerenes in space and present new observations of the interstellar bands at 957.7 nm and 963.2 nm.

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Book 2006ace, meteorites, and on Earth and are associated with meteorite in impact events and in carbon-rich environments such as coals (shungite) and bitumen. The existence of natural fullerenes is at best contested and incompletely documented; realistically it is still controversial. Their presence in astr

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Natural C60 and Large Fullerenes: A Matter of Detection and Astrophysical Implications,e ratio measurements are used to search for them. Such studies could yield different conclusions on fullerene abundances both in terrestrial and in extraterrestrial samples. For the latter, important astrophysical implications have to be considered.

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Future Procedures for Isolation of Higher Fullerenes in Natural and Synthetic Soot,rize fullerenes extracted from the synthetic soot. These extraction methods promise to reveal new insights on the encapsulaton of noble gases in a variety of fullerene and fullerene-related structures up to C..